This study examines the resurgence of piracy off the coast of Somalia, focusing on the Puntland region, by exploring the underlying factors contributing to its reemergence and the impacts on maritime security. Utilizing a qualitative research design, data were collected through interviews with 22 key informants, including community leaders, local fishermen, maritime security experts, businesspeople, former pirates, and government officials. This primary data is supplemented by a comprehensive literature review. Thematic analysis using TAGUETTE identified key themes related to piracy impacts and potential interventions.
Findings reveal that modern pirate groups have adapted with sophisticated organizational structures and advanced technological capabilities, originating mainly from impoverished and socio-economically challenged communities. Despite international naval interventions reducing piracy incidents, the root causes such as state collapse, illegal fishing, and economic deprivation remain unaddressed.
Stakeholder responses highlight successes and ongoing challenges in anti-piracy efforts. While naval forces have reduced incidents, these measures are not sustainable long-term solutions. Community leaders and former pirates emphasize addressing economic and social issues, while government officials stress the need for stronger governance and law enforcement.
The study recommends a multifaceted approach beyond military interventions, including protecting maritime resources, providing alternative livelihoods, strengthening local governance, and fostering international cooperation to combat illegal fishing. Investing in community-based anti-piracy programs and regional security initiatives is essential for sustainable solutions and regional stability.
